What is the difference between a cone crusher and a gyratory crusher?
Cone crushers and gyratory crushers share similarities in appearance, structure, and operating principle. How then can they be distinguished? Below, we compare and analyze them from aspects such as crushing chamber shape, moving cone suspension method, dust control, discharge port adjustment, and application.
1. Comparison of Crushing Chamber Shape:
In a gyratory crusher, both cones are steeply inclined. The moving cone is upright, and the fixed cone is an inverted truncated cone (mainly to meet feed particle size requirements). Material can be discharged vertically downwards freely by its own weight.
In a cone crusher, both cones are gently inclined upright truncated cones. Furthermore, to control the particle size of the discharged product, a parallel crushing zone is set in the lower part of the crushing chamber, resulting in a different crushing chamber shape. 2. Comparison of Moving Cone Suspension Method:
In a gyratory crusher, the moving cone is suspended from the frame beam; in a cone crusher, the moving cone is supported by a spherical bearing.
3. Dust Control Device Comparison:
Gyratory crushers generally use dry dust control devices, while cone crushers typically use water-sealed dust control devices.
Spring cone crushers generally use dry oil seals for dust control, while multi-cylinder crushers combine positive pressure dust control with non-contact labyrinth seals, effectively preventing dust from contaminating lubricating oil, damaging bearings, and extending the service life of lubricating oil and equipment.
Gyratory crushers use the raising and lowering of the moving cone to adjust the width of the discharge opening.
Spring (fixed pulley or hydraulic pusher) and multi-cylinder cone crushers (hydraulic pusher or hydraulic motor) use the raising and lowering of the fixed cone to adjust the width of the discharge opening. When adjusting the discharge opening, first depressurize the locking cylinder, then rotate the adjusting ring clockwise or counterclockwise to raise or lower the fixed cone, thereby adjusting the discharge opening.
Single-cylinder cone crushers use a hydraulic cylinder located at the bottom center of the base to push the main shaft and moving cone up or down, thus increasing or decreasing the discharge opening.
5. Feeding Method Comparison:
Gyratory crushers can be fully fed (the ore can be directly tilted).
Cone crushers typically require a feeder for even feeding; otherwise, uneven force distribution can occur.
6. Speed Comparison:
Cone crushers usually operate at much higher speeds than gyratory crushers. Cone crushers utilize high-frequency impact compression to achieve better particle shape (cubic), while gyratory crushers rely primarily on low-speed compression. 7. Application Range Comparison:
Gyratory crushers utilize the gyratory motion of the crushing cone within the conical cavity to compress, split, and bend materials. They are large-scale crushing machines used for coarse crushing of ores or rocks of various hardnesses, primarily for coarse crushing of ores.
Cone crushers are also suitable for crushing materials with high hardness. They are generally used as secondary crushing equipment in production lines and come in short-head, standard, and medium types. Standard types are generally used for medium crushing, medium types for medium-fine crushing, and short-head types for fine crushing.
